GREAT WALL OF CHINA History of the Great Wall of China: The Great Wall of China is the national military defense project in the cold weapon war era with the longest time and the largest amount of construction in the world. It condenses the sweat and wisdom of our ancestors and is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation. According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 vassals and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall. The earliest was the Chu Kingdom. To defend the nomadic or enemy countries in the north, they began to build the Great Wall. Subsequently, Qi, Yan, Wei, Zhao, Qin, and other countries also began to build their own Great Wall for the same purpose. After Qin unified the six countries, the famous emperor Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian northward to the Xiongnu, connecting the Great Walls of various countries. From Linyao in the west to Liaodong in the east, it stretched for more than 10,...
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi politician and statesman
Biography of Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) was president of Iraq. He ruled from July 16, 1979, to April 9, 2003. He held the position of prime minister in the periods from 1979 to 1991 and from 1994 to 2003.
Saddam Hussein was born in the village Al-Awja, in the city of Tikrit, Iraq, on April 28, 1937. Son of poor farmers, he did not know his father, who left home six months before Saddam was born.
He was raised by a maternal uncle, Khayralla Tulfah, a Sunni Muslim, a veteran of the Iraqi army, and a defender of Arab unity.
After his mother remarried, Saddam returned to his maternal home and, after being mistreated by his stepfather, returned to his uncle's house.
He studied at an Iraqi law school and at the age of 20 joined the socialist-oriented Baath Party. At that time, he started teaching at a secondary school.
Rise to power
In 1959, after a frustrated attack on the then prime minister. Abdul Karin Kassem, Saddam was shot in the leg. He was forced to flee and went into exile in Egypt.
Between 1962 and 1963 he attended a law university in Cairo. Still, in 1963 he returned to Iraq and continued his studies in the capital Baghdad.
In 1968 Saddam participated in a coup led by Ahmad Hassan, who overthrew President Abdul Rahman Arif and led the ruling Baath Party, under the leadership of General Ahmed Hassan Bakr.
Vice president
In 1969, Saddam Hussein was appointed vice president, and during the Al-Bakr government, he built an elaborate network of secret police who aimed to harass dissidents in the regime.
Faced with an old and debilitated president, Saddam began to promote the stability of the country, facing enormous social, ethnic, economic, and religious tensions.
Saddam nationalized the oil industry, promoted the country's economic development, and intensified the repression of oppositionists while stimulating an intense cult of his personality.
In 1976, Saddam became a general in the Iraqi Armed Forces and soon became the strongman of the government and began to represent the country in its foreign policy.
In 1979 he began to make agreements with Syria, also under the leadership of the Baath Party, which led to the union between the two countries.
Presidency of Saddam Hussein
On July 16, 1979, Saddam forced Bakr to step down and thus became, in fact, the country's president.
Saddam Hussein assumed the titles of "Head of State", "Chairman of the Council of the Supreme Command of the Revolution", "Prime Minister", "Commander of the Armed Forces" and "Secretary-General of the Baath Party".
Shortly after taking power, dictator Saddam waged a violent struggle that led to the death of dozens of government officials suspected of lack of loyalty.
The following year, Saddam started a war against Iran that for eight years killed at least 120,000 Iraqi soldiers.
In the early 1980s, Saddam used chemical weapons to end the Kurdish rebellion in northern Iraq. Saddam Hussein's hunger for power has spread beyond Iraq's borders.
Gulf War
In 1990 in the face of Kuwait's refusal to stop oil extraction from a well on the border between the two countries, Saddam's troops invaded Kuwait.
Defying the United Nations, the dictator did not comply with the directives that forced him to withdraw from Kuwait, causing what he called "Mother of All Battles", the "Gulf War".
Led by the United States and with the approval of the UN Security Council, after seven months of the war, Kuwait was free from Iraq's forces.
In 1995, although the country was still devastated as a result of the war, Saddam submitted his government to a plebiscite to approve his continuity in power and obtained 99.96% approval.
In 1998, the United States government attacked Iraq again, to weaken Iraq's ability to produce chemical weapons.
Fall of Saddam Hussein
After the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York and Washington, President George W. Bush launched a new military campaign against terrorism.
In March 2003, an Anglo-American coalition initiated a military intervention in Iraq, without UN authorization, as part of a strategy to prevent threats from the so-called “axis of evil”, which also included North Korea and Iran.
Three months after an initial bombing of Baghdad, Iraq was occupied by Anglo-American troops, and Saddam was removed from power.
Arrest and death
For eight months Saddam went into hiding and was found only in December, in an underground hole that served as a hiding place in the city of Adwar, near Tikrit, in an operation with the help of Kurdish rebels.
In October 2005, the Iraqi Special Court initiated proceedings against the former dictator, accused of violating human rights, and a war crime against humanity. On November 5, 2006, Saddam was sentenced to hang.
Saddam Hussein was hanged in Kadhimiya, Iraq, on December 30, 2006.
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